Invaded! The Fenian Raids and the Canadian Response

Invaded! The Fenian Raids and the Canadian Response

Summary Details 

Length: 60 minutes 

Audience Level: Beginner -Expert

Requirements: Projection for computer on a large screen; internet connection

Content: 4-page PDF handout 

Summary: Between 1866 and 1871, Irish-American Fenians repeatedly invaded British North America. Discover the people, battles, and communities involved, how Canadians responded, and the raids' lasting impact on Confederation and national defence. Learn where to find militia records, medal registers, newspapers, and other sources documenting your ancestors' experiences during this period.


Outline

  • Understand how Irish nationalism, the Great Famine, the American Civil War, and tensions between Britain and the United States contributed to the Fenian movement and its plans to invade British North America.
  • Learn about John O'Mahony, William R. Roberts, Thomas Sweeny, and John O'Neill, along with the campaigns at Campobello Island, Ridgeway, Fort Erie, Eccles Hill, Trout River, and Pembina between 1866 and 1871.
  • Discuss how Canadian communities responded to the Fenian threat. Examine the mobilization of volunteer militia units, British military assistance, political leadership, and the contributions of civilians and local organizations to defending vulnerable border communities.
  • Recognize the aftermath and lasting consequences of the raids. Explore their influence on Canadian Confederation, militia reform, national identity, and relations with the United States, as well as the recognition and commemoration of those who served.
  • Locate and evaluate genealogical records documenting Fenian Raid involvement. Discover how to use militia muster rolls, pay lists, Canada General Service Medal registers, newspapers, census records, local histories, and archival collections to investigate ancestors who served or lived in affected communities.


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